Friday, October 09, 2015

The horror of October. Zalmoxes

 Zalmoxes was discovered when fossils that had been assigned to the genus Rhabdodon as R.‭ ‬robustus‭ (‬originally robustum‭) ‬were discovered to have different distinguishing features.‭ ‬This was actually the second time that the material had been re-named as initially it was known as a species of Mochlodon.‭ ‬Today Zalmoxes is described as an iguanodontid ornithopod dinosaur that sits within the family Rhabdodontidae.‭ ‬This group was created in‭ ‬2003,‭ ‬and aside from Rhabdodon is also thought to be the rightful home of other well-known dinosaurs like Muttaburrasaurus.
       Entries for Zalmoxes regarding its size can vary greatly,‭ ‬but what needs to‭ ‬be‭ ‬remembered is that the size estimate actually depends on the specific species of the Z.‭ ‬shqiperorum is the largest at up to four and half meters long,‭ ‬and this is the one that is often quoted as an absolute.‭ ‬However it is the smaller Z.‭ ‬robustus that is up to three meters long that is more interesting as it seems that species evolved as a product of insular dwarfism.‭ ‬This is a valid theory as much of Europe resembled an island chain,‭ ‬one of the most famous examples being Hateg island that would go on to form a large portion of modern day Romania.
       Insular dwarfism is a simple theory that states that as food resources in a given area are limited by the available land‭ ‬mass,‭ ‬the animals that live there grow smaller with successive generations so as to not use up the available food.‭ ‬This means that herbivores grow small so that they do not need to eat so many plants,‭ ‬and the carnivores that prey upon them grow smaller so that they can better survive on eating smaller animals.‭ ‬Those that make the transition to smaller body sizes survive to continue the species,‭ ‬those that do not go extinct.
       Zalmoxes itself was not the only dinosaur to accomplish this,‭ ‬as the hadrosauird Telmatosaurus,‭ ‬as well as the titanosaur Magyarosaurus both attained maximum sizes that were much smaller than similar and related dinosaurs that were living in mainland areas. Carnivores also evolved however as indicated by the presence of the dromaeosaurid Balaur.

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