Sunday, December 06, 2015

The Giving of December. Spinophorosaurus

 Aside from being one of the best preserved Jurassic era sauropods from Africa,‭ ‬the features that really made people sit up and pay attention about Spinophorosaurus are the spiked osteoderms.‭ ‬Only a few of these were found,‭ ‬but the researchers involved with piecing Spinophorosaurus back together have come to the conclusion that these spikes most probably formed a thagomizer-like arrangement upon the end of the tail,‭ ‬similar to the thagomizers of some stegosaurid dinosaurs such as Stegosaurus and Tuojiangosaurus.‭ ‬Since the spikes of Spinophorosaurus were modified osteoderms,‭ ‬they did not attach directly to the skeleton,‭ ‬but instead were held in place by the skin and underlying soft tissues.
       Unfortunately at the time of the description,‭ ‬the age of the Spinophorosaurus could not be narrowed down to be any greater than some point between‭ ‬175‭ ‬to‭ ‬161‭ ‬million years ago.‭ ‬This time period would cover from the latest early Jurassic,‭ ‬the entire middle Jurassic as well as part of the first stage of the late Jurassic,‭ ‬the Oxfordian.‭ ‬Further remains,‭ ‬as well as increased future study and understanding of the fossil localities may one day yield a more refined age estimate.
       Spinophorosaurus however probably was not unique nor was it the first sauropod dinosaur to be discovered with a weapon on its tail.‭ ‬During the later stages of the middle Jurassic,‭ ‬a‭ ‬genus named Shunosaurus was roaming around what is now China,‭ ‬and these sauropods had spiked clubs upon the end of their tails.‭ ‬Interestingly,‭ ‬another genus of sauropod from the lower middle Jurassic of China named Nebulasaurus has been noted as having a very similar braincase to Spinophorosaurus.‭ ‬Unfortunately Nebulasaurus is still too incomplete for us to know if it too had a weaponised tail,‭ ‬but a picture seems to be slowly emerging of middle Jurassic sauropods across Africa and Asia that were far from defenceless from potential predators such as theropod dinosaurs.

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