Wednesday, October 07, 2015

The horror of October. Ugrunaaluk

Since the closing decades of the twentieth century literally thousands of fossil bones of hadrosaurid dinosaurs have been found in Alaska.‭ ‬Initially considered to be lambeosaurines‭ (‬the type with bony head crests‭)‬,‭ ‬there were later determined to be saurolophines,‭ ‬specifically similar to Edmontosaurus.‭ ‬Most of these remains however have come from juveniles which has made it awkward to identify a specific genus given that juveniles can change form as they grow up.‭ ‬Still,‭ ‬work that began in‭ ‬2014‭ ‬has concluded with‭ ‬the establishment of a new genus for some of these remains in‭ ‬2015,‭ ‬and that genus is Ugrunaaluk.
       Ugrunaaluk was one of the most northern living hadrosaurs that we currently know about,‭ ‬and grew to a fairly large size.‭ ‬This places Ugrunaaluk in good standing to its more immediate relative genera such as Edmontosaurus as well as the particularly large Shantungosaurus from China.‭ ‬As with other hadrosaurs Ugrunaaluk would have been a plant eater and primarily quadrupedal when walking about,‭ ‬though bipedal locomotion and rearing would have still been possible,‭ ‬and perhaps quite common when feeding.‭ ‬Like other saurolophines,‭ ‬Ugrunaaluk had no kind of bony head crest.‭ ‬However,‭ ‬soft tissue preservation and studies in Edmontosaurus have proven that in life Edmontosaurus regalis had a fleshy soft tissue crest-like growth on its head.‭ ‬It is unknown if Ugrunaaluk had a similar display device.
       One thing that stood out about the naming of Ugrunaaluk in‭ ‬2015‭ ‬is the surprise that most people still had at hearing the news that a dinosaur had been discovered in what is now Alaska.‭ ‬For a start it must be remembered that while in the Cretaceous Alaska was cooler that the tropical latitudes,‭ ‬it was still much warmer than it was today.‭ ‬In addition to this,‭ ‬many dinosaurs‭ ‬have‭ ‬been found in Alaska before Ugrunaaluk was.‭ ‬These include ceratopsians such as Pachyrhinosaurus,‭ ‬pachycephalosaurs such as Alaskacephale as well as indeterminate‭ ‬remains of small ornithopods.‭ ‬Predatory dinosaurs such as dromaeosaurs and troodonts such as Dromaeosaurus,‭ ‬Saurornitholestes,‭ ‬and even a variety of Troodon larger than southern relatives are also known.‭ ‬To top all this off there is even a tyrannosaur named Nanuqsaurus known from the same formation as Ugrunaaluk,‭ ‬and this predator may have been a particular danger to Ugrunaaluk.

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